# James Fernald

## Biography

James Champlin Fernald was an American clergyman, author, and esteemed authority on the English language, born in Portland, Maine, on August 18, 1838. A graduate of Harvard University in 1860 and Newton Theological Institution in 1863, Fernald initially pursued a career in the Baptist ministry, serving as a pastor for nearly three decades. During the Civil War, he contributed significantly to the Massachusetts Relief Association. Later, he transitioned to a prominent role in lexicography, joining Funk & Wagnalls in 1889. He was instrumental in the production of *The Standard Dictionary*, serving as editor of synonyms, antonyms, and prepositions, and was editor-in-chief of the *Students' Standard Dictionary*. Fernald authored several influential works, most notably *English Synonyms and Antonyms*, a comprehensive guide to word usage. His dedication to demystifying the complexities of English continued until his death on November 11, 1918, shortly after the publication of his book, *Expressive English*.

## Books

- [English Synonyms and Antonyms: With Notes on the Correct Use of Prepositions](https://samolit.com/books/96448)